基于角色的虚拟研发团队构建方法及其约束机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘建昌  侯光明  王俊鹏 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(4):123-128

提出了角色依赖图的概念，并在此基础上给出了基于角色的虚拟研发团队构建方法。以此为基础，结合周界理论，分析了影响虚拟研发团队开放度和交换率的主要因素，揭示了虚拟研发团队的内在约束机理。  相似文献   

Can creative destruction be destroyed? Military IR&D and destruction along the value-added chain     

Allen Kaufman  Mark Brumer 《Research Policy》2003,32(9):1537-1554

We elaborate a supply chain innovation matrix that can be applied to both commercial and military supply chains. By shifting the analysis from a focal firm to industry structure, we argue that the market structure of the entire supply chain functions as a major moderating variable in determining both the timing and adoption of innovations, both for commercial and military markets. We extend work on supply chain resource dependency by drawing a distinction between market-structure-induced resource dependency and supplier over-reliance on a customer in a competitive market. This has policy implications for the organization of military industrial research and development (IR&D). Joint service research and development (Jointness) will certainly bring about innovation, but it will be incremental, reinforcing established military hierarchies. Policy makers may need to add this probable consequence when comparing Jointness and inter-service rivalry. The cost savings inherent in Jointness may unwittingly sustain a military force unready for fighting the next war.  相似文献   

亚硫酸氢钠对转PEPC基因水稻叶片光合作用的促进作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱素琴  季本华  焦德茂 《科技通报》2004,20(6):523-528

用1～2mmol／L的NaHSO3喷施于野生型水稻Kitaake(WT)、以其为基因受体的转PEPC基因水稻(PC)和转PEPC PPDK双基因水稻(PC PK)叶面．叶片的光合速率分别提高了23．0％、28．8％和32．4％，并能持续3d左右．在此条件下，光下叶片中的ATP含量提高．将已知可促进循环光合磷酸化的辅助因子硫酸甲酯吩嗪(PMS)和NaHSO3分别和共同喷洒叶片，次日所有叶片的光合速率均比对照(喷水)提高，共同处理未出现叠加效应，表明NaHSO3的主要作用和PMS促进光合速率的原因类似，都是增加了ATP的供应．与野生型水稻Kitaake(WT)相比．经NaHSO3处理后，转PEPC基因水稻(PC)净光合速率增加的幅度大，转PEPC PPDK双基因水稻(PC PK)净光合速率增加的幅度更大，因此认为水稻叶片中增加ATP的供应可明显增强水稻的光合速率，特别是转PEPC或PEPC PPDK基因水稻．  相似文献   

Thyroid hormones status during pregnancy in normal Iranian women     

Nosratollah Zarghami  Mohammad Rohbani-Noubar  Ali Khosrowbeygi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):182-185

Pregnancy is associated with significant, but reversible changes in thyroid function studies, which are among the most profound seen as a result of a normal physiologic state. The present study was carried out to find out alterations in thyroid function tests in each trimester in normal pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women in Tabriz-Iran. A case-control study designed with 229 normal pregnant women that randomly selected from the first (64 samples), the second (92 samples), and the third (73 samples) trimesters and 250 randomly selected non-pregnant healthy female controls. Age range in both groups was 16–40 years. Thyroid function tests carried out by measuring serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxin (FT₄, TT₄), and free and total triiodothyronine (FT₃, TT₃) by commercially available radio immunoassay kits. We found that mean TT₄ increased progressively during pregnancy. Our study showed increasing in serum levels of TT₃ in the second trimester and then declining during the third trimester compared with non-pregnant women. We showed that FT₄ strongly decreased during the third trimester. Free T₃ showed declining in the second and third trimesters. Mean TSH did not show significant difference in each trimester compared with non-pregnant women. The thyroid function tests in pregnancy should be interpreted against gestational age-related reference intervals to avoid mis-interpretation of thyroid function during pregnancy.  相似文献   

Scientific teams and institutional collaborations: Evidence from U.S. universities, 1981-1999     

James D. Adams  Grant C. Black  Paula E. Stephan 《Research Policy》2005,34(3):259-285

This paper explores recent trends in the size of scientific teams and in institutional collaborations. The data derive from 2.4 million scientific papers written in 110 top U.S. research universities over the period 1981-1999. The top 110 account for a large share of published basic research conducted in the U.S. during this time.We measure team size by the number of authors on a scientific paper. Using this measure we find that team size increases by 50% over the 19-year period. We supplement team size with measures of domestic and foreign institutional collaborations, which capture the geographic dispersion of team workers. The time series evidence suggests that the trend towards more geographically dispersed scientific teams accelerates beginning with papers published at the start of the 1990s. This acceleration suggests a sharp decline in the cost of collaboration. Our hypothesis is that the decline is due to the deployment of the National Science Foundation's NSFNET and its connection to networks in Europe and Japan after 1987.Using a panel of top university departments we also find that private universities and departments whose scientists have earned prestigious awards participate in larger teams, as do departments that have larger amounts of federal funding. Placement of former graduate students is a key determinant of institutional collaborations, especially collaborations with firms and with foreign scientific institutions. Finally, the evidence suggests that scientific output and influence increase with team size and that influence rises along with institutional collaborations. Since increasing team size implies an increase in the division of labor, these results suggest that scientific productivity increases with the scientific division of labor.  相似文献   

知识产权保护强度与我国自主创新能力建设研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

宋河发  穆荣平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(3):97-103

分析了世界知识产权保护强化的趋势，探讨了自主创新能力建设与知识产权保护强度的关系，表明世界知识产权保护强化的趋势必然会提高知识产权垄断性和滥用的可能性，较大的自我研发投入和较强的自主创新能力基础对应于高的较优知识产权保护强度，三资企业内部化转移技术对应于较低的知识产权保护强度，高或低的知识产权保护强度下自主创新能力均能达到最优，即使无自我研究开发投入，也存在较优的知识产权保护强度，提出我国必须加大自我研发投入。加强自主创新能力基础建设，同时注意发挥技术引进对自主创新的作用。  相似文献   

帧转移型CCD相机图像拖影研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩采芹  李华  魏宏刚  沈忙作 《中国科技信息》2007,76(11):131-132

帧转移型面阵CCD相机因其诸多优点而得到了广泛的使用,但它存在图像拖影问题。本文分析了帧转移模式CCD相机图像拖影形成的原因,并提出了消除图像拖影的算法。介绍了用该算法消除图像拖影的实例,验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

美国半导体产业发展初期中小型公司创新研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

和文凯  曾晓萱 《科研管理》1996,(4)

研究高技术产业和技术经济发展规律是正确制定高技术产业政策的基础。本文研究了美国半导体产业发展初期中小型企业家公司在技术创新中重要作用，分析了中小型公司技术创新的特色。大公司的竞争优势及弊端。小型创新公司得以发展的技术背景及内外条件。  相似文献   

用D触发器设计循环码计数器的一般方法     

王成福  黄敏  唐金花  陈偕雄 《科技通报》2001,17(4):37-40

导出了使用D触发器构成任意2^n进制循环码计数器激励函数的设计公式，并将逻辑函数修改技术用于任意2N进制循环码计数器，进而推出激励函数设计的一般公式，通过设计实例表明，该设计方法对于设计循环码计数器具有一定的实用意义。  相似文献   

The structure and evolution of industrial clusters: Transactions, technology and knowledge spillovers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Simona Iammarino  Philip McCann 《Research Policy》2006,35(7):1018-1036

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between location patterns, innovation processes and industrial clusters. In order to do this we extend a transactions costs-based classification into a knowledge-based taxonomy of clusters, along the lines suggested by a critical revision of the main assumptions underlying most of the existing literature on spatial clusters. Our arguments show that the transactions costs approach and the innovation and technological regimes framework are broadly consistent, and that real insights into the microfoundations, nature, and evolution of clusters can be provided by these classification systems.  相似文献